The brain is the center of the nervous system. The brain, or encephalon, consists of billions of cells with a total weight of two and a half to three pounds in adults. The main structures of the brain are the cerebrum, the cerebellum and the brain stem which narrows down to connect with the spinal cord.
The cerebrum consists of two hemispheres controlling opposite
sides of the body. Behind and below the cerebrum is the cerebellum which is the center of muscular coordination.
sides of the body. Behind and below the cerebrum is the cerebellum which is the center of muscular coordination.
The brain has also a tough, protective outer membrane. Although the brain has no capacity to repair injury, the cells of the cortex are able gradually to take on new functions if a limited area is injured.
It is the brain with its billion of cells that regulates the vast number of activities of the body. The oxygen absorbed in the lungs is used by the brain. Serious brain damage occurs if the supply of oxygen is interrupted that prevents the delivery of oxygen to the brain for more than three or four minutes.
The rigid, compact casing of the skull surrounds the brain very closely. All spaces are filled with cerebro-spinal fluid.
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